Single-Phase Induction Motors
The single-phase electric motor operates under the same principle as the polyphase engine, except that the rotating magnetic field effect produced by the stator will not exist until running rpm is reached. Since no starting torque is offered, a design mechanism is included to start the motor. They are the various designations:

Torque-Speed Curves of Different Single-Phase Induction Motors

Shaded-pole: Have only one main winding no start winding. This configuration causes a change of the applied magnetic field in romantic relationship to the rotor, creating stating torque. Applications consist of enthusiasts and small appliances.

Split-Phase (induction start electric motor)
Has two pieces of stator windings. The “start” sprockets windings are positioned 90 degrees to the “run” windings and change the magnetic field of the stator, inducing starting torque. Applications include small grinders, small fans, and blowers.

Capacitor-Start
The most common single-phase motor found in industrial applications. It really is a modified split-phase motor with a capacitor in series with the beginning winding to supply a start boost. Application include small conveyors, large blowers, pumps, and direct-drives.

Permanent-Split-Capacitor (PSC)
Uses identical primary and auxiliary windings with a capacitor to provide starting torque. They are the most reliable single-phase engine because no centrifugal starting switch is necessary. Applications include fans and pumps in HVAC and refrigeration industries.